LAST(1)

NAME
last - indicate last logins of users and ttys

SYNOPSIS
last [-c] [-n] [-s] [-T] [-S] [-f file] [-h host] [-t tty] [-d [[yy]yy[mm[dd[hh]]]]mm[.ss]] [user ...]

DESCRIPTION
Last will either (1) list the sessions of specified users, ttys, and hosts, in reverse time order, or (2) list the users logged in at a specified snapshot date & time in reverse time order. Each line of output contains the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration of the session. If the session is still continuing or was cut short by a crash or shutdown, last will so indicate.

-c  Calculates the total time displayed and prints it after the output.

-f file
    Last reads the file file instead of the default, /var/log/wtmp.

- n Limits the report to n lines.

- s Display time values in seconds since the epoch, instead of formated dates.

-t tty
    Specify the tty. Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, “last -t 03” is equivalent to “last -t tty03”.

-h host
    Host names may be names or internet numbers.

-T  Display better time information, including seconds.

-S  Display clock change records.

-d date
    Specify the snapshot date & time. All users logged in at the snapshot date & time will be reported. This may be used with the -f file option to derive the results from stored wtmp files. When this argument is provided, all other options except for -f file and -n are ignored. The argument should be in the form “[[CC]YY][MMDD]hhmm[.SS]” where each pair of letters represents the following:

    CC  The first two digits of the year (the century).
    YY  The second two digits of the year. If “YY” is specified, but “CC” is not, a value for “YY” between 69 and 99 results in a “YY” value of 19. Otherwise, a “YY” value of 20 is used.
    MM  The month of the year, from 1 to 12.
    DD  the day of the month, from 1 to 31.
    hh  The hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
    mm  The minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
    SS  The second of the minute, from 0 to 61.

    If the “CC” and “YY” letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the current year. If the “SS” letter pair is not specified, the value defaults to 0.

If multiple arguments are given, and a snapshot time is not specified, the information which applies to any of the arguments is printed, e.g., “last root -t console” would list all of “root's” sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. If no users, hostnames or terminals are specified, last prints a record of all logins and logouts.

The pseudo-user reboot logs in at reboots of the system, thus “last reboot” will give an indication of mean time between reboot.

If last is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has progressed. If interrupted with a quit signal last indicates how far the search has progressed and then continues.

FILES
/var/log/wtmp
    login data base

SEE ALSO
lastcomm(1), utmp(5), ac(8)

HISTORY
Last appeared in 3.0BSD.